Titan Service Manual P03309-01 Oct 2003

P03309-01 08/2003 Copyright 2003 by SonoSite, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.

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Manufactured by SonoSite, Inc. 21919 30th Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021-3904 USA Telephone: 1-888-482-9449 or 1-425-951-1200 Fax: 1-425-951-1201 SonoSite Ltd Alexander House 40A Wilbury Way Hitchin, Herts SG4 OAP UK T: +44-1462-444800 F: +44-1462-444801 Caution:

United States federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.

“TITAN” and “SonoSite TITAN” are trademarks of SonoSite, Inc. Kensington is a registered trademark of Kensington Technology Group. Non-SonoSite product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. SonoSite products may be covered by one or more of the following U.S. patents: 4454884, 4462408, 4469106, 4474184, 4475376, 4515017, 4534357, 4542653, 4543960, 4552607, 4561807, 4566035, 4567895, 4581636, 4591355, 4603702, (4607642), 4644795, 4670339, 4773140, 4817618, 4883059, 4887306, 5016641, 5050610, 5095910, 5099847, 5123415, 5158088, 5197477, 5207225, 5215094, 5226420, 5226422, 5233994, 5255682, (5275167), 5287753, 5305756, 5353354, 5365929, 5381795, 5386830, 5390674, 5402793, (5,423,220), 5438994, 5450851, 5456257, 5471989, 5471990, 5474073, 5476097, 5479930, 5482045, 5482047, 5485842, 5492134, 5517994, 5529070, 5546946, 5555887, 5603323, 5606972, 5617863, (5634465), 5634466, 5636631, 5645066, 5648942, 5669385, (5706819), 5715823, 5718229, 5720291, 5722412, 5752517, 5762067, 5782769, 5800356, 5817024, 5833613, 5846200, 5860924, 5893363, 5916168, 5951478, 6036643, 6102863, 6104126, 6113547, 6117085, 6142946, 6203498 B1, 6371918, 6135961, D0280762, D0285484, D0286325, D0300241, D0306343, D0328095, D0369307, D0379231. Other patents pending.

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Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Audience ...1 1.2 Conventions Used in This Service Manual ...1 1.3 Product Upgrades and Updates ...1 1.4 Customer Comments ...1 1.5 About the System ...2 1.6 About the System Software ...4 1.7 Software Licensing ...4

Chapter 2: Safety 2.1 Electrical Safety ...5 2.2 Equipment Safety ...6 2.3 Battery Safety ...7 2.4 Biological Safety ...8 2.5 Labeling Symbols ...8

Chapter 3: System Overview 3.1 System Overview ...9 3.2 Theory of Operation ...9 3.2.1 Transducer ...10 3.2.2 Front End Subsystem ...10 3.2.3 Digital Signal Processing Subsystem ...12 3.2.4 Backend Subsystem ...12 3.2.5 Control Subsystem ...14 3.2.6 Power Supply and Control Subsystem ...15 3.3 System Specifications ...16 3.3.1 System Dimensions ...16 3.3.2 Display Dimensions ...16 3.3.3 Transducers ...16 3.3.4 Imaging Modes ...16 3.3.5 Applications ...16 3.3.6 Image Storage ...17 3.3.7 Accessories ...17 3.3.8 Peripherals ...17 3.3.9 Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity Limits ...18 3.3.10 Electrical ...18 3.3.11 Electromechanical Safety Standards ...18 3.3.12 EMC Standards Classification ...19 3.3.13 Airborne Equipment Standards ...19 3.3.14 ECG Standard ...19 3.3.15 DICOM Standard ...19

Chapter 4: Setup and Operation 4.1 System Controls ...21 4.2 System Components ...22 4.3 Setup ...23 4.4 Touchpad ...24 4.5 Accessories ...24

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4.6 Preparing the System for Operation ...25 4.6.1 Installing and Removing the Battery ...25 4.6.2 Using AC Power/Charging Battery ...26 4.6.3 Connecting to AC Power ...27 4.6.4 Connecting and Removing Transducers ...28 4.6.5 Turning the System On and Off ...28 4.7 Upgrading the System Software ...29 4.7.1 Obtaining a License Key ...32 4.7.2 Installing a License Key ...33 4.7.3 To Display the System Information Screen ...34 4.7.4 To Display the License Update Screen ...35

Chapter 5: Cleaning and Disinfecting 5.1 Universal Precautions ...37 5.2 Receipt of Suspected Contaminated Materials ...37 5.3 Recommended Disinfectants ...38

Chapter 6: Troubleshooting 6.1 Basic Troubleshooting ...39 6.2 Periodic Maintenance ...40 6.3 System and Subsystem Diagnosis ...41 6.4 System Repair ...41 6.5 Test Equipment ...41 6.6 Failure Modes ...41 6.6.1 Display ...41 6.6.2 Control Panel ...41 6.6.3 System/Main PCBA ...42 6.6.4 Battery ...42 6.7 Troubleshooting Flow Diagrams ...43 6.7.1 Display ...43 6.7.2 Control Panel ...44 6.7.3 System ...45 6.7.4 Battery ...46 6.7.5 Mini-Dock/Mobile Docking System ...47

Chapter 7: Replacement Procedures 7.1 Display Replacement ...49 7.1.1 Required Parts ...49 7.1.2 Required Tools ...49 7.1.3 Display Removal ...49 7.1.4 Display Replacement ...51 7.1.5 Test the Display ...52 7.2 Control Panel Subassembly Replacement ...52 7.2.1 Required Parts ...52 7.2.2 Required Tools ...52 7.2.3 Control Panel Removal ...52 7.2.4 Control Panel Replacement ...52 7.3 Main System Disassembly for Repair and/or Replacement 53 7.3.1 Required Parts ...53 7.3.2 Required Tools ...53 7.3.3 Main PCBA Removal ...53

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Chapter 8: Performance Testing 8.1 Overview ...59 8.2 Test Equipment ...59 8.3 Setting Up Performance Tests ...59 8.3.1 Scan Reference Orientation ...60 8.4 Testing 2D Performance ...60 8.4.1 2D Image Quality ...60 8.4.2 Axial Measurement Accuracy ...60 8.4.3 Lateral Measurement Accuracy ...61 8.4.4 Penetration ...61 8.5 Additional Performance Tests ...62 8.5.1 CPD ...62 8.5.2 Directional Color Power Doppler (DCPD) ...62 8.5.3 M Mode Imaging ...63 8.5.4 Tissue Harmonic Imaging ...63 8.5.5 Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler Imaging ...63 8.5.6 Image Quality Verification Test/Livescan ...64 8.5.7 Image Review ...64 8.5.8 Printer ...64 8.5.9 Battery Charging ...64 8.5.10 Video Output ...64 8.6 Returning Products to SonoSite ...65 8.6.1 Contacting SonoSite Technical Support ...65 8.6.2 Shipping Instructions ...65

Chapter 9: Accessory Service 9.1 Mobile Docking System ...67 9.2 Mini-Dock ...69 9.3 Connectivity ...69 9.4 Block Diagrams and Schematics ...70 9.5 Theory of Operation ...78 9.5.1 Video ...78 9.5.2 Power Distribution ...78 9.6 Replacement Procedures ...79 9.6.1 Required Tools ...79 9.6.2 Cup Surround ...79 9.6.3 Casters ...79 9.6.4 Power Supply ...80 9.6.5 Locking Handle ...82 9.6.6 Deflector ...82 9.6.7 Mini-Dock ...83

Appendix A: Parts List A.1 Replacement Parts List ...85 A.1.1 Display ...85 A.1.2 Control Panel ...86 A.1.3 Replacement Parts, System ...87 A.1.4 Transducer Nest Frame Assembly ...93 A.1.5 AC Adapter ...94 A.1.6 Mini-Dock ...95 A.1.7 Mobile Docking System ...96 A.2 Ordering Replacement Parts ...98

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Appendix B: Service Event Report Index ...101

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Chapter 1: Introduction Before servicing the TITAN high-resolution ultrasound system, please read the information in this manual. This text applies only to the SonoSite TITAN ultrasound system product manufactured after June 19, 2003. Please find service information about products manufactured before June 17, 2003 in C1.51 Ultrasound System Service Manual (P00715), C1.75 Ultrasound System Service Manual (P01118), C1.9 PLUS Ultrasound System Service Manual (P02287), and C1.99 PLUS and ELITE Ultrasound System Service Manual (P02913). TM

1.1 Audience The intended audience of this manual is properly trained field and in-house service personnel.

1.2 Conventions Used in This Service Manual These conventions are used in this service manual: • A Warning describes precautions necessary to prevent injury or loss of life. • A Caution describes precautions necessary to protect the products. • When the steps in the operating instructions must be performed in a specific order, the steps are numbered. • Bulleted lists present information in list format, but they do not imply a sequence. • The system handle is on the front of the system, and the battery compartment is on the back of the system.

1.3 Product Upgrades and Updates SonoSite may offer software upgrades and new features that may improve system performance. Service manual updates, explaining the effects of upgrades and new features on system performance, will accompany the upgrades.

1.4 Customer Comments Questions and comments are encouraged. SonoSite is interested in your feedback regarding the service manual. Please call SonoSite at 1-877-657-8118. If you are outside the USA, call the nearest SonoSite representative. You can also send electronic mail (e-mail) to SonoSite at the following address: [email protected]

Chapter 1: Introduction

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1.5 About the System The ultrasound system has multiple configurations and feature sets. All are described in this service manual but not every option may apply to your system. System features are dependent on your system configuration, transducer, and exam type.

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1 2 5

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Figure 1.1 TITAN System Front View Table 1.1: TITAN System Front Features Number

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Feature

1

Control panel

2

Transducer connection

3

Handle

4

Display

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CompactFlash™ slots (front for image storage, back for system updates)

Chapter 1: Introduction

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2 3

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Figure 1.2 TITAN System Rear View Table 1.2: TITAN System Rear Connectors Number

Feature

1

DC input connector

2

I/O connector

3

Battery

4

ECG connector (available on future releases)

The TITAN system is a portable, software-controlled, ultrasound system using all-digital architecture. The system is used to acquire and display high-resolution, real-time ultrasound images: 2D, color power Doppler (CPD), directional color power Doppler (DCPD), Tissue Harmonic Imaging (THI), M Mode, and pulsed wave (PW) Doppler. The system has cine buffer, image zoom, labeling, biopsy, measurements, calculations, a USB connection for image transfer, image storage, image review, printing, recording, and the ability to archive Doppler with audio output to a videotape. Currently, the system supports the following broadband transducers: • C11/8-5 MHz 11 mm microcurved array • C15/4-2 MHz 15 mm microcurved array • C60/5-2 MHz 60 mm curved array • HST/10-5 MHz 25 mm linear array • ICT/8-5 MHz 11 mm intracavitary array • L38/10-5 MHz 38 mm linear array System accessories include the TITAN mobile docking system, the TITAN mini-dock, a power supply, a battery, video and printer cables, and SiteLink Image Manager 2.0 software. System peripherals include medical grade (conforming to the requirements of EN60601-1) and non-medical (commercial) grade products. System medical grade peripherals include a printer and VCR. System non-medical grade peripherals include a CompactFlash card and a Kensington Security Cable. Use of peripherals is covered in the manufacturers’ instructions, which accompany each peripheral.

Chapter 1: Introduction

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1.6 About the System Software The ultrasound system contains software that controls its operation. A software upgrade may be required. SonoSite will provide you with a CompactFlash card containing the software. Typically new software provides new capabilities. A single CompactFlash card can be used to update one or more systems. Software upgrades use the back CompactFlash slot on the right hand side of the system. CompactFlash cards installed in the front CompactFlash slot do not upgrade the system.

1.7 Software Licensing Use of the software that you receive from SonoSite is controlled by a license key. A license key is a number sequence containing exactly 12 decimal digits. License keys are obtained from SonoSite or from its authorized representatives. You must obtain one key for each system that will use the new software. See “Obtaining a License Key” on page 32 for information on obtaining a license key. Software that you receive from SonoSite may be installed and will operate for a short period of time without requiring a valid license key. We refer to this period of time as the “grace period.” The grace period is variable. When you first install your software, your SonoSite system prompts you for a license key. If you have not yet obtained a valid license key, you can elect to use the software as long as the grace period time has not been fully consumed. When a system is running in the grace period, all system functions are available. As you use the system, the grace period is slowly consumed. When the grace period has expired, the system will not be usable until a valid license key has been entered. Grace period time is not consumed while the system is powered off or when it is in “sleep” mode. Whenever a system is running in the grace period, the grace period time remaining is available on the license update screen. Caution:

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When the grace period expires, all system functions except for licensing are unavailable until a valid license key is entered into the system.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Safety Read this information before using the ultrasound system. The information in this manual applies to the ultrasound system, transducer, accessories, and peripherals. This chapter contains safety information. A Warning describes precautions necessary to prevent injury or loss of life. A Caution describes precautions necessary to protect the products.

2.1 Electrical Safety This system meets EN60601-1, Class I/internally-powered equipment requirements and Type BF isolated patient-applied parts safety requirements. This system complies with the applicable medical equipment requirements published in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), European Norm Harmonized Standards, and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) safety standards. For maximum safety observe the following warnings and cautions: Warning:

To avoid the risk of electrical shock or injury, do not open the system enclosures. All internal adjustments and replacements, except battery replacement, must be made by a qualified technician. To avoid the risk of injury, do not operate the system in the presence of flammable gasses or anesthetics. Explosion can result. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, use only properly grounded equipment. Shock hazards exist if the power supply is not properly grounded. Grounding reliability can only be achieved when equipment is connected to a receptacle marked “Hospital Only” or “Hospital Grade” or the equivalent. The grounding wire must not be removed or defeated. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, before using the transducer, inspect the transducer face, housing, and cable. Do not use the transducer if the transducer or cable is damaged. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, always disconnect the power supply from the system before cleaning the system. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, do not use any transducer that has been immersed beyond the specified cleaning or disinfection level. See Chapter 5, “Cleaning and Disinfecting.” To avoid the risk of electrical shock and fire hazard, inspect the power supply, AC power cord and plug on a regular basis. Ensure they are not damaged. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, use only accessories and peripherals recommended by SonoSite, including the power supply. Connection of accessories and peripherals not recommended by SonoSite could result in electrical shock. Contact SonoSite or your local representative for a list of accessories and peripherals available from or recommended by SonoSite.

Chapter 2: Safety

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Warning:

To avoid the risk of electrical shock, use commercial grade peripherals recommended by SonoSite on battery power only. Do not connect these products to AC mains power when using the system to scan or diagnose a patient/subject. Contact SonoSite or your local representative for a list of the commercial grade peripherals available from or recommended by SonoSite. To avoid the risk of electrical shock, inspect the interconnect cables on a regular basis for damage. To avoid the risk of electrical shock to the patient/subject, do not touch the system battery contacts while simultaneously touching a patient/subject. To prevent injury to the operator/bystander, the transducer must be removed from patient contact before the application of a high-voltage defibrillation pulse.

Caution:

Although your system has been manufactured in compliance with existing EMC/EMI requirements (EN60601-1-2), use of the system in the presence of an electromagnetic field can cause degradation of the ultrasound image. If this occurs often, SonoSite suggests a review of the system environment. Identify and remove the possible sources of the emissions or move your system. Electrostatic discharge (ESD), or static shock, is a naturally occurring phenomenon. ESD is common in conditions of low humidity, which can be caused by heating or air conditioning. Static shock is a discharge of the electrical energy from a charged body to a lesser or non-charged body. The degree of discharge can be significant enough to cause damage to a transducer or an ultrasound system. The following precautions can help reduce ESD: anti-static spray on carpets, anti-static spray on linoleum, and anti-static mats. Do not use the system if an error message appears on the display: note the error code; call SonoSite or your local representative; turn off the system by pressing and holding the power key until the system powers down. To avoid increasing the system and transducer connector temperature, do not block the airflow to the ventilation holes on the side of the system.

2.2 Equipment Safety To protect your ultrasound system, transducer, and accessories, follow these precautions. Caution:

Excessive bending or twisting of cables can cause a failure or intermittent operation. To avoid damaging the power supply, verify the power supply input is within the correct voltage range. See “Electrical” on page 18 in Chapter 3. Improper cleaning or disinfecting of any part of the system can cause permanent damage. For cleaning and disinfecting instructions, see Chapter 5, “Cleaning and Disinfecting.” Do not use solvents such as thinner or benzene, or abrasive cleaners on any part of the system. Remove the battery from the system if the system is not likely to be used for some time. Do not spill liquid on the system.

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Chapter 2: Safety

2.3 Battery Safety To prevent the battery from bursting, igniting, or emitting fumes and causing equipment damage, observe the following precautions. Warning:

The battery has a safety device. Do not disassemble or alter the battery. Charge the batteries only when the ambient temperature is between 0° and 45°C (32° and 113°F). Do not short-circuit the battery by directly connecting the positive and negative terminals with metal objects. Do not heat the battery or discard it in a fire. Do not expose the battery to storage temperatures over 60°C (140°F). Keep it away from fire and other heat sources. Do not charge the battery near a heat source, such as a fire or heater. Do not leave the battery in direct sunlight. Do not pierce the battery with a sharp object, hit it, or step on it. Do not use a damaged battery. Do not solder a battery. The polarity of the battery terminals is fixed and cannot be switched or reversed. Do not force the battery into the system. Do not connect the battery to an electrical power outlet. Do not continue recharging the battery if it does not recharge after two successive six hour charging cycles.

Caution:

To prevent the battery from bursting, igniting, or emitting fumes and causing equipment damage, observe the following precautions. Do not immerse the battery in water or allow it to get wet. Do not put the battery into a microwave oven or pressurized container. If the battery leaks or emits an odor, remove it from all possible flammable sources. If the battery emits an odor or heat, is deformed or discolored, or in any way appears abnormal during use, recharging or storage, immediately remove it and stop using it. If you have any questions about the battery, consult SonoSite or your local representative. Store the battery between -20°C (-4°F) and 60°C (140°F). Use only SonoSite batteries. Do not use or charge the battery with non-SonoSite equipment. Only charge the battery with the TITAN system.

Chapter 2: Safety

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2.4 Biological Safety Observe the following precautions related to biological safety. Warning:

Non-medical (commercial) grade peripheral monitors have not been verified or validated by SonoSite as being suitable for diagnosis. Do not use the system if it exhibits erratic or inconsistent behavior. Discontinuities in the scanning sequence are indicative of a hardware failure that must be corrected before use. Do not use the system if it exhibits artifacts on the LCD screen, either within the clinical image or in the area outside of the clinical image. Artifacts are indicative of hardware and/or software errors that must be corrected before use. Some transducer sheaths contain natural rubber latex and talc, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Refer to 21 CFR 801.437, User labeling for devices that contain natural rubber. Perform ultrasound procedures prudently. Use the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. SonoSite does not currently recommend a specific brand of acoustic standoff.

2.5 Labeling Symbols Labeling symbols for SonoSite products can be found in the user guide for each product.

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Chapter 2: Safety

Chapter 3: System Overview 3.1 System Overview The system houses the system electronics, display, control panel, and the system batteries. It provides basic connections for external power, and the transducer connector and a general purpose docking connector for all other interfaces. The system operates with external transducers and optional peripheral equipment. The types of external devices that may be used are: • Transducer(s) • AC Power Supply/Charger • Mobile Docking System/Mini-dock • External Peripherals The transducer connects to the main unit through the scanhead connector. The transducer contains data, which the system uses to drive the transducer in the scanhead, process the data received back and format and display the data for the user. The interface is backward compatible to previous systems and scanheads. The AC power supply not only provides power from the AC mains for operating the system, it also contains the charger for charging the internal system battery. This may be used if a mobile docking system or mini-dock is not desired or available. The mobile docking system provides power to run the system, contains the charger to charge the internal system battery and provides fixed external power, video, RS-232, and USB connections. The docking system may also provide additional control surfaces and monitors. The unit interfaces to the docking system through connections on the back of the unit. It provides a convenient place for the unit to be operated and stored under certain usage scenarios. The mini-dock provides the breakout for all the connectors from the docking connector for remote use where a docking system may not be available and the external connections are desired. The use of a mini-dock allows the main unit to be more portable when the connections are not required. External OEM peripherals are items such as monitor, printers, and VCRs. These can be connected to the mobile system or directly to the system with the use of the mini-dock using the video and/or printer control input/outputs.

3.2 Theory of Operation The system has six major functional groups: the transducer, the frontend subsystem, the digital signal processing subsystem, the backend subsystem, the control subsystem, and the power supply and control subsystem. Figure 3.1 shows how these functions interact.

Chapter 3: System Overview

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Figure 3.1 TITAN Block Diagram

3.2.1

Transducer The transducer elements convert the pulser voltage to acoustic energy during the “transmit” portion of the ultrasound acquisition cycle. Also, the transducer elements convert the acoustic echo to voltage in the “receive” portion of the acquisition cycle. The system transducers have 64 to 128 elements. The front end subsystem senses the voltage developed on the transducer elements.

3.2.2

Front End Subsystem The Front End is designed to support various imaging modalities such as 2D, spectral Doppler and color Doppler. From the Front End's perspective all modes can be grouped into a few basic types: single mode, simultaneous modes and triggered modes. All these modes are built from similar, basic transmit and receive sequences controlled within the Front End. A generic top level block diagram of a typical Front End is in the following figure.

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Chapter 3: System Overview

Figure 3.2 Front End Subsystem The transmit section consists of a waveform generator, delay block, and high power high voltage driver to excite the transducer element. Multiple elements are driven with delays determined by the time of flight in the medium from the elements to the point in space where the beam is to be focused. The longer the time of flight is to the focal point the smaller the delay is for a given transmit element to allow all to arrive at the focal point at the same time. The number of elements driven is determined by element sensitivity off axis and depth of field considerations. The waveform is selected to drive the transducer at a certain center frequency, bandwidth, and power and is optimized for the given mode. The receive section consists of a transmit/receive switch to protect the receiver from the transmit voltage, a variable gain receiver to amplify and condition the return echoes, an A/D to digitize the data, a delay block to focus the return signals and a weight block to scale the return echoes for each channel. All the signals are then summed together to generate the beamformed receive data. The analog gain varies with depth to compensate for signal attenuation through the medium. The delays and weights are independent for each channel. The delay and weight for the receive channel can typically be changed dynamically to keep the receive beam in continuous focus. The delay is simply set by the time of flight in the medium from the point of interest to the element, which starts at skinline and proceeds to the deepest depth of interest. The control section drives the data to the various data path elements on a line by line basis, controls the timing for the transmit and receive sections, and controls the tagged information and timing of the data to the rest of the system. Unique transmit and receive sequences, lines or PRIs, are arranged into repeated groups or frames. The simplest frame is for a single mode where the line does not change, for example M Mode or PW Doppler. Here the same line characteristics; aperture size, delay, weights, and waveform information, are continually repeated. A scanned single mode, such as 2D, keeps the same transmit aperture size but the delays and receive weights change due to the aperture translation or steering changes with each line acquired. Simultaneous modes may also change the transmit waveform and aperture size

Chapter 3: System Overview

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and the delays and receive weights. Downstream processing also changes, due to the unique processing requirements for the different types of data. Triggered modes are the same as the previous modes except that the frames are started and stopped on user or external inputs.

3.2.3

Digital Signal Processing Subsystem The DSP subsystem receives data from the front end chip sets, performs processing to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of signal features of interest, and prepares data for raster scan conversion and display.

Figure 3.3 Digital Signal Processing Subsystem

3.2.4

Backend Subsystem The Backend subsystem is responsible for the conversion of raw acquisition data into a raster image ready for display. This includes the acquisition data path with flash suppression and temporal filtering, and the display data path with scan conversion into raster space. The Backend subsystem also contains the video data path that supports generation of video comprising of the ultrasound image as well as graphics annotation. Video generation of both standard composite interlaced video and progressive scan video is supported. Most functionality is within the ASIC. However, the memory resources for acquisition memory, and display memory are found in external memory components. The conversion from PC type video to TV type video is also performed externally. Control is received initially from the CPU to setup each functional block and afterward the hardware is completely data driven. This control takes the form of programming setup registers inside the blocks and setting up scan conversion tables. Each block provides temporary storage as required to buffer data and keep their respective processing pipeline full and operating. Also note that the block diagrams show only the data path, but each block is responsible for generating any necessary memory addresses for their respective input data stream.

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Chapter 3: System Overview

The BackEnd subsystem is shown in the figure below.

Figure 3.4 BackEnd Subsystem Block Diagram The backend subsystem performs processing encompassing three main data domains, acquisition data, raster data, and video data. Support for acquisition data includes the input buffer, flash suppression, frame average, and external ACQ memory. Cine buffer management is performed by the acquisition controller. Conversion from acquisition data to raster data is performed by the graphics overlay, scan conversion engine, sweeping engine, and 3D engine. Raster data is stored in an external DISPLAY memory. Also supporting raster operations is the graphics support block that provides acceleration hardware for pixel operations from the CPU and graphics overlay engine. Video data is processed as progressive scan (60 Hz) and supplied externally on a digital bus. In addition, interlaced (30 Hz) video is supplied in both composite and S-video formats. The progressive video path includes buffers, priority logic, and LUTs. External video in signals are input and multiplexed onto the external video out path to allow for external sources to display information on connected displays, VCRs, or printers.

Chapter 3: System Overview

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